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Select family… IPE IPN HEA HEB HEM UPN UPE Hot finished (EN 10210) Cold formed (EN 10219) Hot finished (EN 10210) Cold formed (EN 10219) Hot finished (EN 10210) Cold formed (EN 10219) L LU Home › Guides Steel Design Guides Practical articles on European steel sections. Every table is generated from the same verified database that powers the profile pages.
Steel Angles: Principal Axes u–v and the Angle α Explained Why steel angles have rotated principal axes u–v, what tan α means, the invariant Iu+Iv=Iy+Iz, and why buckling and bending must use the principal axes. CHS, SHS or RHS? Choosing the Right Hollow Section CHS, SHS and RHS compared: torsion, bending, columns, connections and corrosion, plus a decision checklist for picking the right hollow section. Eurocode 3 Cross-Section Classification (Class 1–4) Explained What EC3 cross-section classes 1–4 mean, how to classify with c/t and ε limits, and which resistance model (Wpl, Wel, effective section) each class uses. Hot-Finished vs Cold-Formed Hollow Sections: EN 10210 vs EN 10219 EN 10210 vs EN 10219 hollow sections: corner radii, residual stresses, buckling curves, weldability and cost, and when to specify each. IPE Beams: The Complete Guide (EN 10365) What IPE beams are, the b≈h/2 logic of the 80–600 series, where they excel and fail, LTB and bracing, steel grades, and EN 10034 tolerances. IPE vs HEA vs HEB: How to Choose the Right European I-Beam IPE, HEA, HEB or HEM? A practical guide to choosing European I-sections: strong-axis efficiency, columns, lateral-torsional buckling and connections. Old vs New Steel Profile Designations: ČSN/DIN → EN How to map legacy ČSN and DIN steel profile designations (I, U, L, TR 4HR) to current EN families, and why old I means IPN, not IPE. Radius of Gyration and Column Buckling per Eurocode 3 What i = √(I/A) really means, how slenderness and buckling curves a0–d work in EN 1993-1-1, and how to pick an efficient column section. Elastic vs Plastic Section Modulus (Wel, Wpl) Explained What Wel and Wpl mean, what the shape factor Wpl/Wel says about a cross-section, and which modulus Eurocode 3 lets you use for bending resistance. Steel Profile Weight per Metre: Formula and Tables Calculate the weight per metre of any steel profile with G = A × ρ, see why catalogue values differ slightly, and use quick tables for IPE, HEA and UPE. Torsion and Warping of Steel Sections (It, Iw): Where the Numbers Come From St. Venant vs warping torsion, why closed sections beat open ones by orders of magnitude in It, and what Iw really does in lateral-torsional buckling. UPN and UPE Channels: Differences, Shear Centre and Use in Pairs How UPN and UPE channels differ, why the shear centre makes single channels twist, and when to detail them in back-to-back pairs. Disclaimer: All content, data, and calculations on this website are provided "as is" for informational purposes only. While we strive for accuracy, we do not warrant that the content is complete, up-to-date, or free of errors. The content does not constitute professional advice and must be verified against the official applicable standards by a qualified person. Use of this data is strictly at the user's own risk, and we accept no liability for any direct or indirect damages resulting from its use.